GRAMMAR
Gerund
Gerund (verbal noun) - -ing form of
a verb used as a noun or performing a noun function. As nouns function as subjects, objects,
complements, and objects after prepositions, gerund can also functions as subjects, objects, objects after
prepositions, or complements of sentences.
a. Gerund as subject
of a sentence. b. Gerund
as object of a sentence.
c. Gerund as object after preposition. d. Gerund
as complement of a sentence.
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a. Gerund as subject of a sentence.
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b. Gerund as object of a sentence.
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1. Coming late for work is a bad habit.
2. Living in big city is exciting, but sometimes
annoying.
3. Visiting different museums is educational.
4. ……………………………………………..
5.
……………………………………………..
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1. I don’t like coming late for work.
2. Most people like living in big city.
3. We finish working at 04:00 in the
afternoon.
4. ……………………………………………..
5.
……………………………………………..
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c. Gerund as object after preposition.
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d. Gerund as complement of a sentence.
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1. Most people in big city live by working in office
or company, or doing business.
2.
Most people in village live by farming.
3.
Many students got difficulties in pronouncing English.
4. ……………………………………………..
5.
……………………………………………..
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1. My hobby is reading books.
2. Susan’s job is typing letters.
3. Parent’s obligation is educating their
children.
4. ……………………………………………..
5.
……………………………………………..
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Verbs that are always
followed by the gerund:
Setiap kata kerja yang
mengikuti langsung kata-kata kerja di bawah ini selalu bentuk gerund (verbal
noun) .
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VERB
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MEANING
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VERB
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MEANING
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VERB
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MEANING
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admit
appreciate
avoid
can’t help
consider
delay
deny
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enjoy
finish
mind
miss
postpone
practice
quit
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recall
report
resent
resist
resume
risk
suggest
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Kata-kata ini sebaiknya
dihafalkan, dan dilatih penggunaannya sehingga dapat digunakan dengan mudah
dalam test TOEFL,dan dalam percakapan. Contoh:
1. Joan admitted
making mistakes in her job.
2. I appreciate
obeying the rules.
3. Don’t avoid taking
medicine if you want to get well soon.
4. We can’t help
seeing you alone most of the time.
5. My boss considered
making new job descriptions.
Verbs that are always
followed by the infinitived with to:
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VERB
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MEANING
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VERB
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MEANING
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VERB
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MEANING
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agree
attempt
claim
decide
demand
desire
expect
fail
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forget
hesitate
hope
intend
learn
need
offer
plan
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prepare
pretend
refuse
seem
strive
tend
want
wish
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Kata-kata ini sebaiknya
dihafalkan, dan dilatih penggunaannya sehingga dapat digunakan dengan mudah
dalam dalam percakapan sehari-hari.
1. I agree to lend
Jimmy some money after he had promised to return in a month.
2. The government
attempted to improve the quality of education.
3. The board of
committee decided to postpone the football match.
4. We expect to finish
the work on time.
5. Windar had learned
to drive a car before she bought one.
Verbs + Preposition
followed by the gerund:
Pada umumnya, setiap
kata kerja yang ditempatkan setelah kata depan (preposition) harus dalam bentuk
gerund (verbal noun). Oleh karena itu, setiap kata kerja yang dirangkaikan
dengan kata depan (preposition) dan diikuti langsung oleh kata kerja utama
(main verb), maka kata kerja ersebut harus bentuk gerund. Kata-kata kerja yang
biasa dirangkaikan dengan kata depan, antara lain:
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VERB
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MEANING
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VERB
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MEANING
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VERB
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MEANING
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approve of
be better off
count on
depend on
give up
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insist on
keep on
put off
rely on
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succeed in
think about
think of
worry about
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Contoh:
1. The woman approved
of telling a lie in the court.
2. You would be better
off leaving now before the police come.
3. They should give up
drinking alcohol for their health.
4. The little boy kept
on crying until his mother gave what he wants.
5. Students think of
getting good grades for their tests.
Adjective + Preposition
followed by the gerund:
Karena setiap kata
kerja yang ditempatkan setelah kata depan (preposition) harus dalam bentuk
gerund (verbal noun). Oleh karena itu, setiap kata sifat yang dirangkaikan
dengan kata depan (preposition) dan diikuti langsung oleh kata kerja utama
(main verb), maka kata kerja ersebut harus bentuk gerund. Kata-kata sifat yang
biasa dirangkaikan dengan kata depan, antara lain:
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VERB
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MEANING
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VERB
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MEANING
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VERB
|
MEANING
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accustomed to
afraid of
capable of
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fond of
intent on
interested in
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successful in
tired of
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Contoh:
1. We are accustomed
to having dinner in restaurants on weekends.
2. Every student is
afraid of getting bad grade.
3. Are you capable of
speaking before the audience?
4. Old people are fond
of watching orchestra.
5. They are intent on
making surprises.
ADJECTIVE FOLLOWED BY
THE INFINITIVE
Ada beberapa kata sifat
yang bila diikuti langsung oleh kata kerja, maka kata kerja tersebut harus
dalam bentuk gerund, antara lain:
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VERB
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MEANING
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VERB
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MEANING
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VERB
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MEANING
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anxious
boring
dangerous
hard
eager
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easy
good
strange
pleased
prepared
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ready
able
usual
common
difficult
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Contoh:
1. John was anxious to
meet girls when he was teenager.
2. Children are boring
to do the same things.
3. It is dangerous to
drive on wet road.
4. It is easy to say
than to do.
5. Linda is able to
speak English after she had been in English for one year.
Verbs that can be
followed by the gerund or the infinitive:
Ada beberapa kata kerja
yang bila diikuti langsung oleh kata kerja utama, kata kerja yang mengikuti
tersebut bisa dalam bentuk gerund atau infinitive with to tanpa membedakan
arti.
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VERB
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MEANING
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VERB
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MEANING
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VERB
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MEANING
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begin
can’t stand
continue
dread
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hate
like
love
prefer
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regret
start
try
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Contoh:
1. Jane began to study
English in elementary school.
2. Jane began studying
English in elementary school.
3. The girl hates to
wear her old dress.
4. The girl hate
wearing her old dress.
5. I like to go
sightseeing.
6. I like going
sightseeing.