GRAMMAR
Past
Perfect Tense
Past perfect tense is
used for an action which has been completed before some definite time in the
past.
Past perfect tense
digunakan untuk menyatakan penyelesaian suatu tindakan/ pekerjaan lampau
sebelum berlangsung pekerjaan lampau lainnya.
Kalimat past perfect
tense dibentuk dengan menggunakan kata kerja bantu ‘had’, diikuti oleh kata
kerja bentuk ketiga (pastparticiple verb). Perhatikan conoth kalimat berikut.
Non-action Sentence
Kalimat yang tidak
mengandung tindakan
AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCE
SUBJ + HAD + BEEN + COMP + WHEN / BEFORE + SUBJ +
................
SUBJ + WAS/ WERE + COMP + AFTER + SUBJ + ................
1. I had
been seventeen years when I entered university.
2. You had been a teacher when I was in elementary
school.
3. The
car was out of order after we had been in Cianjur when.
4. I left
after they had been at home.
5. Jack had been at home when I came.
6. Lucy had been tired before she finished her
work.
PERHATIKAN:
Kalimat ‘past perfect
tense’ tidak lazim digunakan dalam kalimat tunggal yang berdiri sendiri, tetapi
digunakan dalam kalimat majemuk bertingkat (complex sentence) berupa ‘adverbial
clause of time’. Kalimat ‘past perfect tense’ berfungsi untuk menyatakan dua
tindakan yang terjadi secara berturut-turut pada waktu tertentu di waktu
lampau.
INTERRGATIVE SENTENCE
HAD + SUBJ + BEEN +
COMP + WHEN / BEFORE + SUBJ +
............?
HAD + SUBJ + BEEN +
COMP + WHEN / BEFORE + SUBJ +
............?
1. Had I
been seventeen years when I entered university?
2. Had
you been a teacher when I was in
elementary school?
3. Had
we been in Cianjur when the car was out of order.
4. Had
they been at home before I left?
5. Had
Jack been at home when I came?
6. Had
Lucy been tired before she finished her work?
PERHATIKAN:
Penggunaan
‘conjunctive’ when, before, dan after menentukan tense daripada induk kalimat
dan anak kalimat. Bila ‘conjunctive’ when atau when digunakan maka anak
kalimatnya pasti bentuk past tense, dan induk kalimatnya bentuk past perfect
tense. Dan bila ‘conjunctive’ after digunakan maka anak kalimatnya pasti bentuk
past perfect, dan induk kalimatnya bentuk past tense.
Action Sentence
Kalimat yang mengandung
tindakan
AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCE
SUBJ + HAD + VERB-3
+ OBJ + COMP + WHEN / BEFORE +
SUBJ + ...............
SUBJ + VERB-2 + OBJ + COMP + AFTER + SUBJ + ....................
1. We had arrived
before the meeting started.
2. You
had gone to work when I ate breakfast.
3. The
train had arrived before they arrived at the railway station.
4. I continued to university After I had graduated
Senior High school.
5. Jack
was very happy after he had known the result of examination.
6. Lucy went home after she had finished her
work.
PERHATIKAN:
Bila kalimat pernyataan
positip diubah menjadi kalimat tanya maka yang dijadikan kalimat tanya adalah
induk kalimat, bukan anak kalimat.
1. Had
you arrived before the meeting started?
2. Had
you gone to work while I was having
breakfast?
3. Had
you arrived before the meeting started?
4. Had the train arrived before they arrived at
the railway station?
5. Had
Jack known the result of examination
before he was very happy?
6. Did
Lucy gone home after she had finished
her work?