GRAMMAR
Present Perfect Tense
Non-action
verb
-
Affirmative
-
Negative
-
Interrogative
Action
verb
-
Affirmative
-
Negative
-
Interrogative
Present
perfect tense digunakan untuk situasi sebagai berikut:
1. Menyatakan suatu tindakan atau keadaan
yang baru saja selesai, maka digunakan kata keterangan waktu: ‘just now’ (baru
saja).
Contoh:
1. I have eaten breakfast just now.
2. We have studied history just now.
3. They have arrive here just now.
4. He has gone to his office just now.
5.
She has finished her job just now.
2. Menyatakan suatu tindakan atau keadaan
yang telah diawali sejak waktu tertentu di waktu lampau, dan masih terus
berlangsung hingga kini. Digunakan keterangan waktu: since …., atau for …..
(since two days ago, for two days).
1. I have studied English since last
year.
2. We have lived in the same house for
ten years.
3. They have worked in airline company
since 1997.
4. He has got married for five years.
5. She has been in Jakarta for seven
years.
3. Untuk melakukan suatu pengecekan
(checking).
The perfect
tenses are formed by
using the auxiliary verb to
have and adding the past
participle of the main
verb. Thus, the
present perfect is formed by taking the present
tense of to have (has or have) and adding the past
participle of the main verb.
1.
Have you understood the lesson?
2.
Have they finished their jobs?
3.
Have we been here long?
4.
Has he read the letter?
5.
Has she met you before?
Present perfect tense
menggunakan kata kerja bantu ‘have/ has’ dan kata kerja bentuk ketiga (past
participle).
Non-action Sentence
Kalimat yang tidak
mengandung tindakan
AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCE
Verb forms
Kata kerja yang
digunakan sebagai predikat adalah: kata kerja been, dan kata kerja bantu
(auxiliary verb) have, atau has.
SUBJECT + HAVE/ HAS + BEEN +
COMPL.
1. I
have been happy.
2. You
have been alright.
3. We
have been here for one hour.
4. They
have been at home since four o’clock.
5. He
has been clever.
6. She
has been successful.
7. Lucy
has been in Jakarta.
8. Jack has been popular.
Bagian pelengkap kalimat
terdiri atas:
Kata sifat (adjective)
Kata Benda (noun)
Kata keterangan tempat,
dan waktu (adverb of place and time).
Keterangan waktu (Time
Expressions) yang digunakan adalah: already, just, recently, lately, never,
yet, since…, for …, etc.
NEGATIVE SENTENCE
Verb forms
Kata kerja yang
digunakan sebagai predikat adalah: kata kerja been, dan kata kerja bantu
(auxiliary verb) have, atau has yang ditempatkan setelah subyek dan diikuti
oleh kata not.
SUBJ + HAVE/ HAS + NOT
+ BEEN + COMP
1. I have
not (haven’t) been happy.
2. You have
not been alright.
3. We have
not been here for one hour.
4. They have
not been at home since four o’clock.
5. He has
not been clever.
6. She has
not been successful.
7. Lucy has
not been in Jakarta.
8. Jack has
not been popular.
INTERROGATIVE SENTENCE
Kata kerja yang
digunakan sebagai predikat adalah: kata kerja been, dan kata kerja bantu
(auxiliary verb) have, atau has yang ditempatkan mendahului subyek.
HAVE/ HAS + SUBJ + BEEN + COMP?
1. Have
you been happy?
2. Have you been alright?
3. Have
you been here for one hour?
4. Have
they been at home since four
o’clock?
5. Has
he been clever?
6. Has
she been successful?
7. Has
Lucy been in Jakarta?
8. Has
Jack been popular?
Action Sentence
Kalimat yang mengandung
tindakan
AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCE
Verb forms
Kata kerja yang
digunakan sebagai predikat adalah: kata kerja utama bentuk ketiga (past
participle), dan kata kerja bantu (auxiliary verb) have, atau has.
SUBJ + HAVE/ HAS + V3 + OBJ/ + COMP.
1. I have finished my work.
2. You have
studied already.
3. He has
drunk milk already.
4. She has
cooked for one hour.
5. They have
worked for five hours.
6. He has watched tv for ten minutes.
7. Robert
has gone to office.
8. The girl
has done her homework.
NEGATIVE SENTENCE
Verb forms
Kata kerja yang
digunakan sebagai predikat adalah: kata kerja utama bentuk ketiga (past
participle), dan kata kerja bantu (auxiliary verb) have, atau has dan diikuti
oleh kata not.
SUBJ + HAVE/ HAS + NOT + V3 + OBJ/ + COMP.
1. I have not finished my work.
2. You have not studied already.
3. He has
not drunk milk already.
4. She has
not cooked for one hour.
5. They have not worked for five hours.
6. He has not watched tv for ten minutes.
7. Robert
has not gone to office.
8. The girl
has not done her homework.
INTERROGATIVE SENTENCE
Verb forms
Kata kerja yang
digunakan sebagai predikat adalah: kata kerja utama bentuk ketiga (past
participle), dan kata kerja bantu (auxiliary verb) have, atau has yang
ditempatkan mendahului subyek.
HAVE/ HAS + SUBJ + V3 + OBJ/ + COMP?
1. Have you finished your work?
2. Have
you studied, yet?
3. Has
he drunk milk, yet?
4. Has
she cooked for one hour?
5. Have
they worked for five hours?
6. Has he
watched tv for ten minutes?
7. Has
Robert gone to office?
8. Has the girl done her homework?